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Recommendations Summary

PDM: Fruits and Vegetables and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes 2014

Click here to see the explanation of recommendation ratings (Strong, Fair, Weak, Consensus, Insufficient Evidence) and labels (Imperative or Conditional). To see more detail on the evidence from which the following recommendations were drawn, use the hyperlinks in the Supporting Evidence Section below.


  • Recommendation(s)

    PDM: Fruits and Vegetables and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes

    If modifying the consumption of fruits and vegetables is proposed for the prevention of type 2 diabetes, the registered nutritionist (RDN) should advise individuals who are at high risk for type 2 diabetes that fruit and vegetable consumption alone, without weight loss, may or may not be beneficial. There were no studies identified to evaluate the impact of fruit and vegetable intake, independent of weight loss, on outcomes in adults with metabolic syndrome or individuals with prediabetes.

    Rating: Insufficient Evidence
    Conditional

    • Risks/Harms of Implementing This Recommendation

      None.

    • Conditions of Application

      • This recommendation applies when modifying fruit and vegetable consumption is proposed for the prevention of type 2 diabetes
      • Research on synergistic effects of nutrients was not evaluated.

    • Potential Costs Associated with Application

      The costs of medical nutrition therapy (MNT).

    • Recommendation Narrative

      No studies were included in the evidence analysis for this recommendation.

      In Adults with Metabolic Syndrome

      • Glycemic-related outcomes (FBG, random BG, two-hour post-prandial BG, A1C):
        • There were no studies identified to evaluate the impact of fruits and vegetables intake, independent of weight loss, on glycemic-related outcomes in adults with metabolic syndrome.
        • Intervention studies are needed to ascertain an effect of fruits and vegetables intake on glycemic-related outcomes in adults with metabolic syndrome with or without meeting the metabolic syndrome criteria for impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose.
      • Lipid outcomes (TG, HDL):
        • There were no studies identified to evaluate the impact of fruits and vegetables intake, independent of weight loss, on lipid outcomes in adults with metabolic syndrome
        • Intervention studies are needed to ascertain an effect of fruits and vegetables intake on lipid outcomes in adults with metabolic syndrome with or without meeting the metabolic syndrome criteria for lipid levels.
      • Anthropometric outcomes (WC, WHR):
        • There were no studies identified to evaluate the impact of fruits and vegetables intake, independent of weight loss, on anthropometric outcomes in adults with metabolic syndrome
        • Intervention studies are needed to ascertain an effect of fruits and vegetables intake on anthropometric outcomes in adults with metabolic syndrome with or without meeting the metabolic syndrome criteria for anthropometric measures.
      • Blood pressure outcomes:
        • There were no studies identified to evaluate the impact of fruits and vegetables intake, independent of weight loss, on blood pressure in adults with metabolic syndrome
        • Intervention studies are needed to ascertain the effect of fruits and vegetables intake on blood pressure in adults with metabolic syndrome with or without meeting the metabolic syndrome criteria for blood pressure.
      • Renal outcomes:
        • There were no studies identified to evaluate the impact of fruits and vegetables intake, independent of weight loss, on renal outcomes in adults with metabolic syndrome
        • Intervention studies are needed to ascertain an effect of fruits and vegetables intake on renal outcomes in adults with metabolic syndrome with or without meeting the metabolic syndrome criteria for renal measures.

      In Individuals with Prediabetes:

      • Glycemic-related outcomes (FBG, random BG, two-hour post-prandial BG, A1C):
        • There were no studies identified to evaluate the impact of fruits and vegetables intake, independent of weight loss, on glycemic-related outcomes in individuals with prediabetes
        • Intervention studies are needed to ascertain the effects of fruits and vegetables intake on glycemic outcomes in individuals with prediabetes.
      • Lipid outcomes (TG, HDL):
        • There were no studies identified to evaluate the impact of fruits and vegetables intake, independent of weight loss, on lipid outcomes in individuals with prediabetes
        • Intervention studies are needed to ascertain the effects of fruits and vegetables intake on lipid outcomes in individuals with prediabetes.
      • Anthropometric outcomes (WC, WHR):
        • There were no studies identified to evaluate the impact of fruits and vegetables intake, independent of weight loss, on anthropometric outcomes in individuals with prediabetes
        • Intervention studies are needed to ascertain the effects of fruits and vegetables intake on anthropometric outcomes in individuals with prediabetes.
      • Blood pressure outcomes:
        • There were no studies identified to evaluate the impact of fruits and vegetables intake, independent of weight loss, on blood pressure in individuals with prediabetes.
        • Intervention studies are needed to ascertain the effects of fruits and vegetables intake on blood pressure in individuals with prediabetes.

    • Recommendation Strength Rationale

      For Adults with Metabolic Syndrome

      • Grade V evidence is available for the conclusion statements regarding the impact of fruits and vegetables, independent of weight loss, on the following outcomes:
        • Glycemic-related outcomes (such as fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose, two-hour post-prandial blood glucose, A1C)
        • Lipid (TG, HDL)
        • Anthropometric measures (WC, WHR)
        • Blood pressure
        • Renal outcomes.

      For Individuals with Prediabetes

      • Grade V evidence is available for the conclusion statements regarding the impact of fruits and vegetables, independent of weight loss, on the following outcomes:
        • Glycemic-related outcomes (such as fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose, two-hour post-prandial blood glucose, A1C)
        • Lipid (TG, HDL)
        • Anthropometric measures (WC, WHR)
        • Blood pressure.

    • Minority Opinions

      Consensus reached.