Evidence Library

Search Plan and Results

Search Plan and Results

Evidence Analysis Question

In adults, what are the major dietary fat related components for LDL-Cholesterol reduction?

What is the relationship between LDL-cholesterol levels and substituting carbohydrates or protein for dietary fat?

In adults, what is the relation between LDL-Cholesterol and replacing dietary saturated fatty acids with MUFAs and PUFAs?

Date of Literature Review

August 2004

Inclusion Criteria

English only

Published after 2001

Human subjects

Sample >10 in each treatment group

Drop-out <20%

Exclusion Criteria

Not in English

Not humans

Published before 2001 (for update); published before 1991 (for original guide)

Sample size was less than 10 in each treatment group

Drop-out rate was >20%

Search Terms: Search Vocabulary

Electronic Databases

PUBMED MEDLINE database, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) database.

Total articles identified to review from electronic databases:

Articles Identified from other sources:

Inclusion List:

List of Included Articles

Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)National Cholesterol Education Program, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Insitutes of Health, NIH Publication No. 02-5215, September 2002

Bautista LE, Herran OF, Serrano C. Effects of palm oil and dietary cholesterol on plasma lipoproteins: results from a dietary crossover trial in free-living subjects. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2001 Sep; 55(9): 748-54.

Brunner E, White I, Thorogood M, Bristow A, Curle D, Marmot M. Can dietary interventions change diet and cardiovascular risk factors? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Pub Health 1997; 87:1415-1422.

De Lorgeril M, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, Delaye J, Mamelle N. The Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation. 1999;99:779-785.

Denke MA, et.al. Arch Int Med. Excess body weight. An underrecognized contributor to high blood cholesterol levels in white American men. 1993;153:1093-1103.

Ginsberg HN, Kris-Etherton P, Dennis B, Elmer PJ, Ershow A, Lefevre M, Pearson T, Roheim P, Ramakrishnan R, Reed R, Stewart K, Stewart P, Phillips K, Anderson N. The effects of reducing saturated fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in healthy subjects. Atheriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1998;18:441-449.

Howell WH, McNamara DJ, Tosca MA, Smith BT, Gaines JA. Plasma lipid and lipoprotein responses to dietary fat and cholesterol: meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997; 65:1747 1764.

Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Marchie A, Faulkner D, Vidgen E, Lapsley KG, Trautwein EA, Parker TL, Josse RG, Leiter LA, Connelly PW. The effect of combining plant sterols, soy protein, viscous fibers, and almonds in treating hypercholesterolemia. Metabolism. 2003 Nov; 52(11): 1478-83

Johnson CL, Rifkind BM, Sempos CT, Carroll MD, Bachorik PS, Briefel RR, Grodon DJ, Burt VL, Brown CD, Lippel L, Cleeman JL. Declining serum cholesterol levels among US adults: NHANES. JAMA. 1993

Judd JT, Baer DJ, Kris-Etherton P, Muesing RA, Iwane M. Dietary cis and trans monounsaturated and saturated FA and plasma lipids and lipoproteins in men. Lipids. 2002 Feb;37(2):123-31.

Kris-Etherton PM, Zhao G, Pelkman CL, Fishell VK, Coval SM. Beneficial effects of a diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Nutr in Clin Care. 2000;3:153-162.

Kris-Etherton PM. Summary of the Scientific Conference on Dietary Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health: Conference Summary from the Nutrition Committee of the American Heart Association. Circulation 2001.103:1034-1039.

Lichtenstein AH, Ausman LM, Jalbert SM, Vilella-Bach M, Jauhiainen M, McGladdery S, Erkkila AT, Ehnholm C, Frohlich J, Schaefer EJ. Efficacy of a Therapeutic Lifestyle Change/Step 2 diet in moderately hypercholesterolemic middle-aged and elderly female and male subjects. Journal of Lipid Research. 2002 Feb; 43(2): 264-73.

Mensink RP, Zock PL, Kester AD, Katan MB. Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2003 May; 77(5): 1146-55.

Obarzanek E, Sacks FM, Vollmer WM, Bray GA, Miller ER 3rd, Lin PH, Karanja NM, Most-Windhauser MM, Moore TJ, Swain JF, Bales CW, Proschan MA; DASH Research Group. Effects on blood lipids of a blood pressure-lowering diet: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2001. 74(1):80-9.

Yu-Poth S, Zhao G, Etherton T, Naglak M, Jonnalagadda S, Kris-Etherton PM. Effects of the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Step I and Step II dietary intervention programs on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:632-646.

Articles Considered, but Excluded

List of Excluded Articles with Reason

EXCLUDED ARTICLES WITH REASON

Citation

Exclusion Reason

Results of the Diet, Exercise, and Weight Loss Intervention Trial (DEW-IT). Hypertension. 2002 Nov;40(5):612-

Not relevant to diet only, primary outcome BP

The serum LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio is influenced more favorably by exchanging saturated with unsaturated fat than by reducing saturated fat in the diet of women. J Nutr. 2003 Jan;133(1):78-83.

Too specific- MUFA?

Coconut fat and serum lipoproteins: effects of partial replacement with unsaturated fats. Br J Nutr. 2001 May;85(5):583-9.

Too specific- MUFA?

Comparing the benefits of diet and exercise in the treatment of dyslipidemia.
Prev Med. 2002 Jul;35(1):16-24.

N=9 in one tx group

Dietary intake and changes in lipoprotein lipids in obese, postmenopausal women placed on an American Heart Association Step 1 diet. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002 Jan;102(1):52-7.

Step 1 diet, not restrictive enough

Women's Healthy Lifestyle Project: A randomized clinical trial: results at 54 months. Circulation. 2001 Jan 2;103(1):32-7.

Irrelevant r/t menopause

Summary of Articles Identified to Review

Number of Included Primary Research Articles Identified from all sources: 10

Number of Included Review Articles Identified from all sources: 10

Total Number of Included Articles: 20

Number of Articles Considered but Excluded: 10

Total Number of Articles Considered: